- Iran,Tehran, Velenjak, Daneshjoo Blvd., Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology
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فصلنامه روانشناسی کاربردی Applied Psychology
Shahid Beheshti University, Psychology, Department Member
- The Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychology is a scientific and research journal affiliated to the Faculty of Educati... moreThe Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychology is a scientific and research journal affiliated to the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology of Shahid Beheshti University, which has been operating since 2006. / 28 was awarded to the Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychology by the Scientific Publications Commission of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, and was extended by letter No. 211013/3/3 dated 11/3/2012. This quarterly is published in Persian and English summaries and in all topics in the field of psychology publishes those original research articles that lead to new knowledge, innovation and understanding of the fields of applied psychology.
All articles submitted to this quarterly after the initial evaluation, if there is no major problem, will be judged and carefully evaluated by the reviewers of the journal who are well-known professors in the field of psychology; The articles are then selected and published according to the opinion of the judges and under the direct supervision of the editor and members of the board of directors.
The major or field of specialization is the Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychology in the fields of clinical, educational, social, health, laboratory, industrial structure.edit - Director-in-Charge: Mahmood Heidari Editor-in-Chief: Vahid Nejati Manager: Abas Zabihzade Executive Director: Mona Nazariedit
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Yoga training on aggression of students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Method: The research method was semi-experimental, pre-test/post-test and two-month... more
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Yoga training on aggression of students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Method: The research method was semi-experimental, pre-test/post-test and two-month follow-up with the control groups. Statistical population of 60 male students 7-12 years old in Zahedan, who were referred to Counseling Centers in 2018-19 academic years and using the questionnaire of Children Symptom Inventory, Gado and Sprafkin1994؛ were screened. 40students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder who had high levels of aggression at the same time, after reviewing clinical interviews, selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced into two experimental groups (20 students) and control group (20 students). The Bass & Perry Aggression Questionnaire (1992) and Yoga Training Program were taught to the experimental group for 16 sessions of 45 minutes in 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using mixed variance analysis with repeated measurements. Results: Results indicated that the effect of yoga training on general aggression (F = 21/24, P = 0.001), physical aggression (F = 13/70, P = 0.001), verbal aggression (F = 10.41, P = 0.001), Anger (F = 7.86, P = 0.008), and hostility (F = 5.43, P = 0.026) at the posttest stage, and this effect was sustained at follow-up. Conclusion: The results showed the effect of yoga education on reducing aggression in patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. As a result, planning to use yoga is essential in children, and therapists can use yoga to reduce aggression in children.
This study's aim was to compare the effectiveness of Intensive shortterm dynamic psychotherapy and schema therapy on depression and anxiety in mothers with autistic children. Methods: The research method was quasiexperimental with... more
This study's aim was to compare the effectiveness of Intensive shortterm dynamic psychotherapy and schema therapy on depression and anxiety in mothers with autistic children. Methods: The research method was quasiexperimental with pre-test-post-test design with control and follow-up group for three months and the statistical population included all mothers of autistic children in educational and rehabilitation centers in Tehran in 2020. 45 people were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy sessions and schema therapy were held in 12 sessions of 60 minutes, individually, one session per week. Subjects completed Beck Depression Inventory (1996) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (1998) in the pretest-post-test and follow-up stages. The data of the present study were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that both intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy and schema therapy had reduced depression and anxiety compared to the control group and this effect was stable in follow-up (P<0.01). But intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy has further reduced depression compared to schema therapy. In contrast, the effect of the two treatments on anxiety at the level (P> 0.05) was not significant. Conclusion: It was concluded that intensive shortterm dynamic psychotherapy is a more effective method to reduce depression in mothers with children with autism compared to schema therapy.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of disgusting sensitivity in the relationship between temperament dimensions and panic disorder. Method: The present research design is descriptivecorrelational. The... more
The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of disgusting sensitivity in the relationship between temperament dimensions and panic disorder. Method: The present research design is descriptivecorrelational. The statistical population of the present study was all students of Urmia University in the academic year 2017-2018, of which 377 were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Students completed Temperament and character Inventory (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck,1993), They completed The Disgust Scale ((Haidt. 1994) and the The Panic-Associated Symptom Scale(Liebowitz, 1984). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. Smart-PLS software has also been used to classify, process, analyze data and test research hypotheses. Results: In the present study, the indirect path coefficient between the reward dependency (p <0.01, β =-0.309) and perseverance (p <0.01,-0 = 0.096) was significant with negative panic disorder at the level of 0.01. Indirect path coefficient between harm avoidance (p <0.01, β = 0.013) with panic disorder was positive and significant at the level of 0.01. Conclusion: These findings confirm the role of Temperament in causing panic disorder and indicate the increasing attention to biological principles in the treatment of panic disorder. The present proposed pathological model can also help to better understand the role of disgust in psychological trauma and the effectiveness of cognitivebehavioral therapies in people with anxiety disorders, including panic disorder.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion efficacy therapy on psychological hardiness and parental burnout of mothers with autistic children. Method: The research method was semi-experimental with a... more
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion efficacy therapy on psychological hardiness and parental burnout of mothers with autistic children. Method: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. The statistical population of this research included all mothers with autistic children who referred to Dasthaye Mehrabani School (Darya) in Isfahan in 2022. Thirty mothers were selected by purposive sampling method based on the entry and exit criteria and randomly replaced in two intervention and control groups (15 people in each group). Both groups before and after the intervention and 2 months later, in the follow-up phase, were given research tools including the Psychological Hardiness Inventory by Kobasa, Maddi and Kahn (1982) and the Parental Burnout Assessment by Roskam, Brianda and Mikolajczak (2018). The experimental group were treated based on emotion efficacy therapy in 8 sessions of 2 hours, but no intervention was done on the control group. The collected data were analyzed using MANCOVA. Results: Emotion efficacy therapy was effective on psychological hardiness and parental burnout (p< 0/05), and the effect of this change remained stable until the follow-up stage (p<0/05). Conclusion: Emotion efficacy therapy can be used to increase psychological hardiness and decrease parental burnout among mothers with autistic children.
This study aimed to examining the effective factors in the formation of somatic symptoms disorder in people with complex post-traumatic stress disorder. Method: The approach studied in this research was qualitative and based on grounded... more
This study aimed to examining the effective factors in the formation of somatic symptoms disorder in people with complex post-traumatic stress disorder. Method: The approach studied in this research was qualitative and based on grounded theory. A number of 15 people with somatic symptom disorder and complex post trumatic Stress Disorder in the age of 18-60 years old in Tehran city, who were willing to interview and cooperate, were selected by the purposeful sampling method until reaching theoretical saturation. These people were investigated using a semi-structured and in-depth interview. Data analysis was done according to the method of Strauss and Corbin (2014) and using MAXQDA software. Findings: Based on the findings of the research, open codes around 89 concepts, axial codes including 8 concepts and selective codes in 4 concepts including causal factors (destructive family interactions), contexual factors (child's emotionalcognitive characteristics), Intervening factors (passive parenting-idealistic parenting) and strategies (child's behavioral-cognitive strategies) were idendified. Conclusion: Children's cognitive, emotional and behavioral strategies in response to childhood truma (destructive family interactions and destructive parenting) are effective in the formation and continuation of somatic symptoms disorder. Therefore, for the prevention of somatic symptom disorder in children, it is possible to improve the destructive family interactions, and in the treatment of adults with somatic symptom disorder, it can be used from effective strategies of regulating one's emotions, thoughts and change in one's interactions.
The present study was conducted with the aim of providing a peace model of suicidal tendency based on the initial incompatible schemas with the mediating role of problem solving styles in adolescents of Ilam city. Method: In this... more
The present study was conducted with the aim of providing a peace model of suicidal tendency based on the initial incompatible schemas with the mediating role of problem solving styles in adolescents of Ilam city. Method: In this research, the descriptive-correlation method with the type of structural equation model was used, the statistical population of the research included all the teenagers (age range 13 to 18 years) of Ilam city in the period of the first six months of 1401, based on the statistics of the Ilam city registry. There were 14384 people. In order to estimate the sample size from Cochran's formula, a sample of 374 people was determined and selected in two stages of stratified random sampling (by gender) and multi-stage sampling. The measurement tools included Beck's Suicidal Thoughts Questionnaire (1999), Young and Brown's Standard Schema Questionnaire (2001), and Hepner and Petersen's Problem Solving Styles (1987). For data analysis, structural equation model and path analysis were used with the help of SPSS and AMOS software. Results: The findings showed that the primary maladaptive schemas directly and through the mediation of problem solving styles are effective and explainable on the tendency to commit suicide in adolescents in Ilam city. Conclusions: As a result, problem-solving style skills can play a decisive role in the impact of early maladaptive schemas on the tendency of adolescents to commit suicide.
Aim: Effectiveness of educational and therapeutic programs in interventional studies, need the initial evaluation of the program which is provided in the feasibility study. The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed review of the... more
Aim: Effectiveness of educational and therapeutic programs in interventional studies, need the initial evaluation of the program which is provided in the feasibility study. The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed review of the feasibility study and its components, as well as to provide a scale for researchers to evaluate the feasibility of psychological programs and protocols. Method: First, according to the feasibility components, a checklist was prepared in the form of 54 questions. After compiling a checklist to examine the content validity ratio and content validity index, 12 experts were selected using the purposive sampling method and scored the appropriateness and necessity of each question. Results: The appropriateness of the questions was obtained from 0/83 Up to 1, and the results of S-CVI/ UA and S-CVI/ Ave and Cronbach's alph showed that the present checklist has a high content validity index and reliability. Conclusion: Feasibility studies are critical to the successful implementation of randomized controlled trial interventions as one of the important studies to support the effectiveness of the intervention and provide strong evidence for the acceptability of an intervention and its implementation in the long term.
The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of maladaptive intrapersonal-interpersonal schemas and avoidance between the perception of childhood traumas and depression. Methods: The research method was a descriptive... more
The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of maladaptive intrapersonal-interpersonal schemas and avoidance between the perception of childhood traumas and depression. Methods: The research method was a descriptive correlational study using correlation. The statistical population was the students of Islamic Azad University (Shahryar and Quds branches) who were studying in the academic year of 2020-2021. 489 students were selected using the available sampling method from this population. Data were collected using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (SQ-SF), the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and structural equation analysis (SEM) with SPSS26 and AMOS22 software, respectively. Results: The results showed that intrapersonal schemas play a mediating role between childhood traumas (neglect and abuse) and depression (p<0.05). Also, childhood neglect and abuse predicted depression through the mediation of two schema (intrapersonal and interpersonal) and avoidance variables (p<0.05). In this study, the mediation of interpersonal schemas between childhood traumas and depression was not significant (p < 0.05) and only predict depression through avoidance (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the mediating role of intrapersonal schemas between childhood traumas and depression was confirmed, while the interpersonal schema only predicted depression through avoidance. Therefore, in order to treatment of depression, it seems necessary to focus on schemas especially intrapersonal schemas and cognitive-behavioral manipulation such as cognitive and behavioral avoidance.
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of viewing selfies of beauty-related female Instagram influencers on women's attitudes and tendency toward cosmetic surgery, as mediated by facial dissatisfaction and moderated by... more
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of viewing selfies of beauty-related female Instagram influencers on women's attitudes and tendency toward cosmetic surgery, as mediated by facial dissatisfaction and moderated by dispositional upward physical appearance comparison. Method: It was an experimental study with type of viewed Instagram images (Female Instagram beauty influencers, Actresses active on Instagram, and Non-human) as the between-subjects factor. Participants were a convenient sample of 201 women aged 16-40 years who, after viewing images, responded to scales assessing facial dissatisfaction (Tiggemann et al., 2018), attitudes toward cosmetic surgery (Henderson-King & Henderson-King, 2005), tendency toward cosmetic surgery, and dispositional upward physical appearance comparison (O'brien et al., 2009). Analysis of covariance and regression analysis were used to test hypothesized relationships. Results: Viewing beauty influencers' images led to a higher tendency to perform cosmetic body surgery compared to viewing actresses' images, p < .05. Facial dissatisfaction did not mediate the effect of type of viewed images on attitude and tendency toward cosmetic surgery. The direct effect of type of viewed images on interpersonal dimension of attitude and tendency to perform face and body cosmetic surgery was significant, ps < .05. Dispositional upward physical appearance comparison did not moderate the effect of type of viewed images on facial dissatisfaction. Conclusion: Viewing Instagram selfies was less than expected effective on either facial dissatisfaction or attitude and tendency toward cosmetic surgery.
In the last few years, a review of recent theoretical and empirical studies in the field of gifted psychology has shown that scholars interested in this field of study emphasize the inability of the conceptual breadth of the gifted... more
In the last few years, a review of recent theoretical and empirical studies in the field of gifted psychology has shown that scholars interested in this field of study emphasize the inability of the conceptual breadth of the gifted construct by merely emphasizing the gifted cognitive abilities. Therefore, emphasizing extending the intellectual boundaries of this structure provides an opportunity to deal with the different types of gifted students, specially underachievement gifted, which is one of the biggest concerns in this field of study. Method: Meanwhile, many scholars have introduced conceptual frameworks such as social-emotional giftedness, spiritual giftedness, gifted motivation, and theoretical frameworks such as the balance theory of wisdom, which could help a transition from underachieving to flourishing and progressive situations. Results: These movements are due to a real emphasis on including multiple non-cognitive components into the gifted semantic by extending this concept's intellectual boundaries. However, in the absence of an integrated model such as self-care, these various movements seem like diverse islands that have become incapable of assembling these different approaches. Conclusion :Therefore, trying to create a conceptual link between the existing efforts through the model of self-care in order to develop an integrated knowledge that oversees a specific semantic horizon is necessary and justifiable.
Tendency to risky behaviors is one of the behavioral inconsistencies of adolescence. This research was conducted with the aim of providing a model of tendency towards risky behaviors based on the emotional atmosphere of the family and... more
Tendency to risky behaviors is one of the behavioral inconsistencies of adolescence. This research was conducted with the aim of providing a model of tendency towards risky behaviors based on the emotional atmosphere of the family and interpersonal reactivity: the mediating role of moral indifference. Method: The research method was structural equation modeling. Sociostatistics of all high school students in the age range between 16 and 18 years of Gorgan city in the academic year 2022-2023. A number of 280 people were selected as a sample by cluster random sampling. The research tools were Zadeh Mohammadi (2011) risky behavior questionnaires, Hillburn's emotional climate (1964), Davis' interpersonal reactivity (1983) and Caprara's moral indifference (2006). For data analysis, correlation matrix, path analysis and goodness of fit indices were used with LISREL 8.3 software. Results: The results of the direct relationships of the research variables showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between the emotional atmosphere of the family and interpersonal reactivity with the tendency to risky behaviors (P<0.05). Also, the emotional atmosphere of the family and interpersonal reactivity have a negative and significant indirect effect through moral indifference in addition to the direct effect. Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that with the increase in family emotionality and interpersonal reactivity, the tendency to risky behaviors decreases and the decrease in moral indifference leads to an increase in the tendency to risky behaviors in teenagers.
The present study aimed to compare cognitive and affective empathy in high and low alexithymia with the mediating role of eye-gaze pattern (i.e., time to first fixation on eyes and fixation duration in mouth). Method: The research used a... more
The present study aimed to compare cognitive and affective empathy in high and low alexithymia with the mediating role of eye-gaze pattern (i.e., time to first fixation on eyes and fixation duration in mouth). Method: The research used a causal-comparative method. The study population included university students of Tehran, among which 41 students were selected using the available sampling method. Participants filled out the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagbi et al., 1994) and were grouped as high and low alexithymia based on their scores. Then, they responded to empathy for pain task (Timmers et al., 2018) while their eye-gaze were recorded. Path analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Those with high alexithymia had lower cognitive (p = 0.005) and affective empathy (p = 0.020). Moreover, they fixated on the eyes later and for a shorter duration, while on the other hand, they fixated more on the mouth (p = 0.026). Finally, time to first fixation on the eyes mediated the effect of alexithymia on cognitive empathy, and fixation duration on the mouth mediated the effect of alexithymia on affective empathy. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that aberrant eye-gaze pattern is related to hampering empathy in high alexithymic individuals, and low cognitive and affective empathy in high alexithymic individuals is to some degree related to how they look at facial expressions.
The current study examines the effectiveness of unity-oriented intervention on depression and suicidal tendencies of Shahid Beheshti University students. Methods: Research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and control... more
The current study examines the effectiveness of unity-oriented intervention on depression and suicidal tendencies of Shahid Beheshti University students. Methods: Research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and control group and a three month follow up. The statistical population included all male Students between the ages of 19 to 24, attending Shahid Beheshti University in 2018.Statistical population of this research include 895 male Students, Living at university dormitories. Through screening, 20 Students were selected and randomly assigned to experiment and control group. The subjects were evaluated before and after interventions through Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (Beck, Kovacs & Weissman, 1979) and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). The unity-oriented intervention was administered in 10 sessions, each of them took 1.5 hours in the experiment group and there was no intervention in control group. The data were analyzed through Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Findings show that unity-oriented intervention has a significant effect on depression (U= 15, P= 0.02), and suicidal ideation (U= 14.5, P= 0.019) and this effect remained unchanged in the three month follow-up phase. Conclusion: Through integrationof life experiences and acceptance of life's realities, unity-oriented psychology approach promote a sense of belonging and meaningfulness. And decreases depression symptoms and suicidal tendencies. There fore it can be used as an effective intervention method to alleviate psychological problems, especially suicidality and depression, and also promote student's well-being.
Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of comparing schema and cognitive behavioral therapy on the cognitive regulation of emotions in girls adolescent of divorced. Methods: The research was semi-experimental and repeated... more
Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of comparing schema and cognitive behavioral therapy on the cognitive regulation of emotions in girls adolescent of divorced. Methods: The research was semi-experimental and repeated measurement type with a control group. The statistical population was all adolescent girls from divorced families, who were between the ages of 13 and 15 in Isfahan. A statistical sampl of 45 girls who were randomly assigned to the experimental group of schema therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy and control. experimental groups received group counseling schema and cognitive behavioral therapy for 20 sessions of 90 minutes, and the control group did not receive any training. The instrument used was the 36-question cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (Granofsky, Kraij and Spinhaven,2002) (CERQ). In order to compare the test averages in each stage, was used of the method analysis of variance with repeated measurements and follow-up tests. Results: The results of the analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed experimental groups of schema therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy created a significant increase in the cognitive regulation of emotion (p<0.01). And these results remained in the two-month follow-up (p<0.01). The comparison between the two experimental groups showed that schema therapy is more effective than cognitive behavioral therapy in the cognitive regulation of emotion in both post-test (p<0.05) and follow-up (p<0.01) stages. Conclusion: Based on this study, therapists in the field of children and adolescents are suggested to use schema therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for emotional diagnosis.
Aim: Aim: The Empirical and Theoretical evidence show that Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions do not have Stable Efficacy. The present study aimed comparin Clinical Efficacy of ACT Matrix with ACT Focused on Compassion and Hofmann's CBT... more
Aim: Aim: The Empirical and Theoretical evidence show that Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions do not have Stable Efficacy. The present study aimed comparin Clinical Efficacy of ACT Matrix with ACT Focused on Compassion and Hofmann's CBT on social anxiety disorder. Method: This study was as Single blinded clinical trial with a single-case experimental study nonconcurrent multiple baseline design, who performed on 9 students with social anxiety disorder who were selected based on purposive random sampling. The treatment lasted for 12 sessions (60 minutes) with two-month follow-up. To compare the results of these two treatment models, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (Heimberg & et ¬¬al, 1999), Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (Raes & et ¬¬al, 2011) Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (Second Version, Bond & et¬ al, 2011) and the Valued Living Questionnaire (Wilson & et ¬al, 2010) were used. Data were analyzed by visual drawing, recovery percentage, stable change index and six indicators of clinical efficiency. Results: The results showed that all three intervention methods reduced social anxiety (Z<-2.58) and increased flexibility (Z>2.58). However, Hofmann's CBT was not clinically effective and meaningful in increasing selfcompassion and valued living (Z<1.96). these results were maintained at the end of the 2-month follow-up period. Conclusion: The ACT Matrix and ACT focused on compassion in terms of the magnitude of change, stability, total of change and safety are more effective Clinical Efficacy than Hoffmann's CBT, but all three interventions were similar in terms of acceptance and generality of change.
The main purpose of this study was to determine the study of changes in object relation at different time serials transference focused psychotherapy with cluster B personality disorders. Method: The research method was quasiexperimental.... more
The main purpose of this study was to determine the study of changes in object relation at different time serials transference focused psychotherapy with cluster B personality disorders. Method: The research method was quasiexperimental. 32 patients with Cluster B Personality Disorders (17 male and 15 female) were selected by the available sampling method. Participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. 51 transferencefocused psychotherapy sessions (once a week for 45 minutes) were performed for the experimental group. One pre-test and three post-tests (Bell's Object Relation Inventory) were performed for both groups in different periods of treatment and the experimental group had follow-up. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and paired T-test was used in data analysis. Results: According to the research findings, transference-focused psychotherapy has an effect on various dimensions of object relations, and these changes have remained stable in the follow-up phase, there were no significant changes between the third stage and follow-up. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that the first changes in the insecure attachment were visible earlier than the rest, the changes of alienation happen later than others, this was deeper than others and require a longer time to change, Follow-up results showed that the symptoms improved after treatment, For as much as the treatment of transference-focused psychotherapy led to improved object relation, it can be used as an effective intervention method to improve Personality Disorders with cluster B.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindful self-compassion on reducing rumination and perceived stress in adolescent girls. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design... more
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindful self-compassion on reducing rumination and perceived stress in adolescent girls. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and 6-month follow-up and the control group. The statistical population were all female high school students in District 2 of Ahvaz in the 98-97 academic year. Using convenience sampling among 100 female adolescents who answered the questionnaires of Nolen-Hoeksema and Maro (1991) rumination response style and Cohen et al. (1983) perceived stress questionnaires; Forty subjects who scored above 50 in the rumination response style questionnaire and above 36 in the perceived stress questionnaire were selected and randomly assigned into two groups of 20 experimental and control groups after matching. mindful self-compassion training (2018) was performed in a group manner in 8 sessions of 150 minutes once a week for the experimental group and the data were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: The results showed that mindful self-compassion training at 99% confidence could reduce rumination (F = 63.35) and perceived stress (F = 60.76) in adolescent girls and this effect remained stable after the follow-up stage. Conclusion: Since mindful self-compassion training has reduced adolescent girls 'rumination and perceived stress, it can be used to increase adolescent girls' mental health.
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This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of hope therapy and spiritual therapy on quality of life, blood sugar, and blood pressure in middleaged women with type 2 diabetes. Method: The present study was quasiexperimental with a... more
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of hope therapy and spiritual therapy on quality of life, blood sugar, and blood pressure in middleaged women with type 2 diabetes. Method: The present study was quasiexperimental with a pretest-posttest-follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes referred to the Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute in Tehran city in 2020 which 45 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned in two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). The research instruments included the Diabetes Quality of Life Brief Clinical Inventory by Burroughs et al., (2004) and a blood test to measure fasting blood pressure and blood sugar. After 8 sessions of 90 minutes, once a week of hope therapy and spiritual therapy for the experimental groups, the data of the present study were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that spiritual therapy and hope therapy had an increasing effect on the quality of life (P=0.038). Conclusion: One of the practical implications of the present study is the provision of psychological therapies for patients with type 2 diabetes. It is suggested that therapies such as hope and spirituality along with drug therapies be performed on patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Aim: Substance abuse is a maladaptive pattern of substance use through recurrent and significant adverse consequences related to the repeated use of substances appearing. Multiple variables affected on severity, duration and treatment of... more
Aim: Substance abuse is a maladaptive pattern of substance use through recurrent and significant adverse consequences related to the repeated use of substances appearing. Multiple variables affected on severity, duration and treatment of substance abuse disorders. In 2017, globally 271 million people were estimated to have used one or more illicit drugs. The aim of this causal-comparative study was the comparison of impulsiveness, ego strength, alexithymia and perceived social support in addicts who continued treatment and those who abandoned treatment. Methods: For this purpose, 180 participations referred to 3 drug rehabilitation center and after obtaining the consent and conveniently placed into three groups: medicinal, motivational and combined (medicinal-motivational) treatment randomly.
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The purpose of this research was to investigate factor structure, validity and reliability of the interpersonal guilt (short-form) and relation with Corona disease anxiety in students. Method: The research method was a descriptive... more
The purpose of this research was to investigate factor structure, validity and reliability of the interpersonal guilt (short-form) and relation with Corona disease anxiety in students. Method: The research method was a descriptive correlational. 330 students in Tehran participated in the study through online recall (Due to the corona virus pandemic). Corona disease anxiety scale
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Aim: the present study aimed to investigate the existential crises of unfaithful men and examine the effectiveness of indigenous counseling based on marital infidelity tendency. Method: the research had a exploratory mixed-method design... more
Aim: the present study aimed to investigate the existential crises of unfaithful men and examine the effectiveness of indigenous counseling based on marital infidelity tendency. Method: the research had a exploratory mixed-method design and included both qualitative and quantitative phases. The interpretive phenomenology method was used in the qualitative phase. Eighteen unfaithful men of Shahindej city, Iran, were selected by purposive sampling and interviewed in the qualitative phase. The data were analyzed by Colaizzi's method. As a result, six categories (i.e., delay contemplation, existential emptiness avoidance, not accepting fate, pathological value change, sexual and desire-based love, and struggling with existential loneliness). Then, the initial model of counseling was designed based on these crises. The model matching method was used to evaluate the theoretical validity of the model. The model was given to 12 experts to confirm its face and content validity, and after approval, it was finalized in the form of 12 sessions. The single case method was used in the quantitative phase. three unfaithful men were purposively selected in the quantitative phase. The model was implemented in three baselines, intervention, and follow-ups. The data were collected by the Attitudes toward Infidelity Scale (ATIS) and analyzed by visual analysis, statistical and clinical significance. Results: The results revealed that the model significantly reduced marital infidelity tendency (p<0.01). Conclusion: Therapists can use the model reduce the tendency to infidelity in the individuals or couples engaged in marital infidelity.
This study aimed to determine the mediating role of experiential avoidance and emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between defense mechanisms and adolescent suicidal ideation. Method: The study was... more
This study aimed to determine the mediating role of experiential avoidance and emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between defense mechanisms and adolescent suicidal ideation. Method: The study was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of this study included all adolescents in Karaj in the fall of 2019, of which 270 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years (125 boys and 143 girls) were selected by available sampling method from educational areas 3 and 7. The study tools were included Defense Style Questionnaire-40 by Andrews et al., (1993) (DSQ-40); Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale by Gratz & Roemer (2004) (ERDS); Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire by Gámez et al., (2011) (MEAQ) and Suicide Cognitions Scale by Rudd et al. (2010) (SCS). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Results: In the present study, the direct relationship between mature (β=-0.348, P=0.001) and immature (β=-0.440, P=0.001) mechanisms with suicidal ideation was significant. The direct relationship between experimental avoidance with suicidal ideation was significant (β=-0.224, P=0.001). The direct relationship between emotion regulation difficulty and suicidal ideation was significant (β=0.439, P=0.001). The indirect relationship between mature defense mechanisms and suicidal ideation was significant (β=-0.295, P=0.001). The indirect relationship between immature defense mechanisms and suicidal ideation was significant (β=0.314, P=0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it is suggested that in the treatment of suicidal adolescents, defense mechanisms, experiential avoidance, and emotion regulation strategies be considered.
This study aimed to investigate the mediatory role of the early maladaptive schemas in relationship attachment styles and corona anxiety. Method: The study design was descriptive-correlational through structural equation modeling. The... more
This study aimed to investigate the mediatory role of the early maladaptive schemas in relationship attachment styles and corona anxiety. Method: The study design was descriptive-correlational through structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all Undergraduate students Poldokhtar Higher Education Center in the academic year 2020-2021, who were selected to a statistical sample group with a sufficient number to test the model according to Klein (2015) for each variable 20 Samples were considered. The sampling method was non-probability and an online questionnaire. The instruments used in the study included the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), and Adult Attachment Scale (AAS). SPSS-22 and AMOS-24 software were used for statistical analysis. Results: In regards to the fitness indices, the results of the structural equation modeling indicate that the presented model has an appropriate fitness (RMSEA = 0.08, GFI = 0.90, AGFI = 0.91). Avoidant attachment style (β = 0.23) and maladaptive schemas (β = 0.78) have a direct and significant effect on corona anxiety. Also indirect pathway results showed that secure attachment style mediated by maladaptive schemas could reduce corona anxiety; but avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles mediated by maladaptive schemas can add to students' corona anxiety. Conclusion: The study showed that with increasing avoidant attachment style, corona anxiety decreased, and maladaptive schemas had a mediating role in the relationship between attachment styles with corona anxiety and increased this effect.
Enjoying the suffering of others can occur in the form of a Schadenfreude in most people, or it can manifest itself in a more stable form: Sadistic personality traits. This study was about the structural relationships between the Big Five... more
Enjoying the suffering of others can occur in the form of a Schadenfreude in most people, or it can manifest itself in a more stable form: Sadistic personality traits. This study was about the structural relationships between the Big Five and Sadism through the role of Schadenfreude. Method: 364 people from the 24,000-student population of Tabriz University (169 males and 167 females) in 2020 were selected by available sampling. They answered the Milon III, NEO-FFI, and Schadenfreude Scenario Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 and Amos. Results: Evaluation of the hypothetical research model using fit indices showed that the measured model fits. Conclusion: Agreeableness among the Big Five mediated by Schadenfreude has a significant effect on the symptoms of Sadism. The findings, along with supporting the hypothetical model for the symptoms of Sadistic personality traits, provide a suitable framework for the etiology of this personality disorder. The common denominator of the three factors of the present model is their social element. Agreeableness can be considered as the most social factor of Big Five that affects Schadenfreude as a social emotion and Sadism as a personality type based on the presence of others. That means people with higher Agreeableness are less likely to experience enjoying others suffering because of greater empathy. The results are useful in understanding social behaviors, especially in situations where empathy is expected but behaviors that indicate sadism or enjoyment of the suffering of others occur.
This study aimed to compared the effectiveness of group positivity training on social adequacy and academic resilience in female students. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and one-month... more
This study aimed to compared the effectiveness of group positivity training on social adequacy and academic resilience in female students. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and one-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all female high school students in public high schools and the public sample in Zahedan. 45 of them were enrolled in the study. They were selected through multi-stage random cluster sampling and divided into experimental and control groups. 15 people each) were replaced. Flanner et al.'s (1990) Social Adequacy Scale and the Samuels (2004) Academic Equality Questionnaire were used to collect data. The experimental group received positivity training for 8 consecutive weeks in two months and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed by SPSS software through repeated measures test. Results: The results of analysis of variance of repeated measures showed that group positivity training had a significant effect on social adequacy and academic resilience, and the mean score of cognitive skills and motivational motivations of the positive experimental group were significantly different (p<0.05) has been reported and also positive intervention has been effective in increasing the overall score of academic resilience and subscales of communication skills, future orientation and problem orientation. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that group positivity training can have a significant effect on social adequacy and resilience of female adolescents and their academic effectiveness.
The aim of the present study was to construct and validate the scale of early emotional needs based on Yang theory of schema therapy. Method: This research was conducted by a combined qualitative-quantitative method. The first... more
The aim of the present study was to construct and validate the scale of early emotional needs based on Yang theory of schema therapy. Method: This research was conducted by a combined qualitative-quantitative method. The first (qualitative) step was performed by data triangulation method. The required data were collected through interviews, available texts, receiving expert opinions, and through the method of grounded theory, the steps of coding, categorization, follow-up to saturation. In the second (quantitative) stage, the statistical population of Tehran students was selected in 1399. Among the Islamic Azad universities of Tehran, universities were selected from 5 districts of Tehran and 15 faculties were randomly selected to assess the questionnaires and the questionnaires were administered to 376 students of different levels and both sexes. Confirmatory factor analysis and maximum likelihood estimation (ML) methods were used to analyze the data. Results: Six needs and their related items were extracted. Analysis of standardized factor loads of all components on the total factor, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of all early needs was greater than 0.7. All the needs of the researcher-made questionnaire were positively and at a significance level of 0.01 correlated with the five domains of Young's early maladaptive schemas. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the ability of items to measure the six components of early needs was confirmed and the items of each need had the desired internal consistency, and the needs scale had convergent validity.
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Teachers' Achievement Goals in Work Questionnaire (TAGWQ, Papaioannou & Christodoulidis, 2007) among Iranian male and female teachers. Method: In this... more
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Teachers' Achievement Goals in Work Questionnaire (TAGWQ, Papaioannou & Christodoulidis, 2007) among Iranian male and female teachers. Method: In this correlational study, 360 teachers (200 female and 160 male) completed the Teachers' Achievement Goals in Work Questionnaire, and the Teacher Emotion Inventory (TEM, Chen, 2016) and the Job-Related Affective Well-Being Scale (JAWS, Van Katwyk, P. T., Fox, S., Specter, P. E., & Kelloway, 2000). The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to determine the TAGWQ's factorial validity and reliability, respectively. Also, in order to examine the construct validity of the TAGWQ, correlations between different dimensions of TAGWQ with scales of teacher emotions and career well-being was calculated. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis based on AMOS software showed that 3-factor structure of the mastery goal orientation, performance goal orientation and avoidance goal orientation in the Iranian sample had good fit with the data. Correlational analyses between different dimensions of TAGWQ with scales of teacher emotions and career well-being provided initial evidence for the TAGWQ construct validity. Internal consistency for the mastery goal orientation, performance goal orientation and avoidance goal orientation subscales was 0/80, 0/79 & 0/78 respectively. Conclusion: In sum, these findings provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the TAGWQ as an instrument for measuring motivational construct of goal orientations among Iranian male and female teachers.
Prospection is a set of cognitive abilities that includes predicting possible future states and needs. This skill helps people to plan, overcome obstacles and achieve success. One of the novel tools for measuring the ability of... more
Prospection is a set of cognitive abilities that includes predicting possible future states and needs. This skill helps people to plan, overcome obstacles and achieve success. One of the novel tools for measuring the ability of future-oriented thinking in children is the Children's Future Thinking Questionnaire (Mazachowsky & Mahy, 2020), the psychometric properties of which have not been studied for use in the Iranian child population. Method: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of elementary school students (139 boys and 61 girls) who were studying in the academic year 1399-1400 and the questionnaire along with the demographic checklist was provided to their parents online. Confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency of subscales, Guttman split-half, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to evaluate the psychometric properties of Children's Future Thinking Questionnaire (CFTQ) using LISREL8.8 and SPSS24 statistical analysis software. Results: The content analysis of the CFTQ showed that the five-factor model has a moderate fit scale and validity construct. Also, Cronbach's alpha values and, Guttman split-half for the total score of the questionnaire were 0.89 and 0.85, respectively, which indicates the appropriate reliability of this questionnaire. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the CFTQ has good validity and reliability in the Iranian population and the present researchers recommend Persian version of the CFTQ to assess cognitive abilities related to future-oriented in Iranian children.
This study aimed to determine the mediating role of the possible selves in the relationship between time perspective and students' test anxiety. Method: The research method was descriptive structural equation modeling and the statistical... more
This study aimed to determine the mediating role of the possible selves in the relationship between time perspective and students' test anxiety. Method: The research method was descriptive structural equation modeling and the statistical population of the present study included all high school students in Tehran who were studying in the academic year of 2019-2020, among them, 255 students were selected by convenience sampling method. Research tools include the Test Anxiety Scale by Sarason et al. (1958); the Possible Selves' Questionnaire by Zadshir et al. (2020) and the Time Perspective Inventory by Zimbardo and Boyd (1999). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Results: In the present study, the indirect path coefficient between future (p<0.01, β=-0.176), hedonistic present (p<0.01, β=-0.179), and positive past (p<0.01, β=-0.076) time perspectives with test anxiety were negative, and significant at the level of 0.01. The indirect path coefficient between negative past perspective with test anxiety (p<0.01, β=0.053) was positive and significant at the level of 0.01. Conclusion: It seems that the time perspective causes a person to plan for his long-term goals, this planning increases hopeful thinking, having enough and effective coping resources for purposeful thinking and familiarity with the necessary paths to meet the goals, which ultimately causes the student not to experience test anxiety.
The purpose of this study was to predict the marital relation quality based on personality factors, Glasser's basic needs and self-acceptance among couples in Isfahan. Method: This research was a descriptive and correlational study. The... more
The purpose of this study was to predict the marital relation quality based on personality factors, Glasser's basic needs and self-acceptance among couples in Isfahan. Method: This research was a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population included the available couples from 20 to 50 years old in Isfahan who were married at least more than two years in 1396. The sample consisted of 615 available couples who were selected in different urban areas. In this research the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Glasser's Basic Needs Questionnaire, Self Acceptance Questionnaire and the Perceived Relationship Quality Components (PRQC) were used for collecting data. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. Collected data were analyzed by Pearson Corolation and stepwise regression. Results: The results showed neurotisism, openness to experience, need to freedom, need to power have negative and significant corolation. With marital relation quality and extra version, agreeableness, Conscientiousness, self-acceptance, love and belongness, survival and leisure have positive and significant corolation with marital relation quality. The stepwise results showed the all of predicting variables can predict marital relations quality. As regard to results it can be said the changes in predicting variables are associated marital relations quality. Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that personality factors, Glasser's basic needs and self-acceptance can predict the quality of marital relationship.
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of online dialectical behavior therapy on the emotion regulation difficulties, guilt feeling, and dissociative symptoms in depressed people. Method: The research method was... more
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of online dialectical behavior therapy on the emotion regulation difficulties, guilt feeling, and dissociative symptoms in depressed people. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all people with major depression who were referred to Garmsar health centers in the spring of 2021, among them, 30 people were selected by two random stages sampling method and by homogenizing age, marriage, and education were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, two groups. Participants for pretest, post-test, and follow-up to the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) (DERS); Guilt Inventory (Kugler & Jones, 1992) (GI), and Dissociative Experiences Scale (Bernstein & Putnam, 1986) (DES). After 8 sessions of dialectical behavior therapy for the experimental group, the research data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that dialectical behavior therapy was effective on the emotion regulation difficulties, guilt feeling, and dissociative symptoms in depressed people (P<0.01), and its effect lasted over time (P<0.01). Conclusions: Based on the results, the use of dialectical behavior therapy in the treatment of major depression and its manifestations, including emotion regulation difficulty, guilt, and dissociative symptoms in counseling and psychotherapy centers can be effective.
The aim of this study is to compare the personality traits, dependence types and high-risk behaviors of teen boys with normal and conduct disorders. Method: A post-event type descriptive study was conducted. The statistical population of... more
The aim of this study is to compare the personality traits, dependence types and high-risk behaviors of teen boys with normal and conduct disorders. Method: A post-event type descriptive study was conducted. The statistical population of this study included all male teens with conduct disorder. Among them 70 were selected by simple random selection in late 2020 (35 with normal conduct disorder from the training center of Qom and 35 normal teens). The questionnaire was done through the 60-item Short Form Revised NEO Personality Inventory Traits Questionnaire (NEO-FFI), the 18-article Adult Attachment Scale by Collins & Read (1990), and the 11-Question High-Risk Behavior Questionnaire by Shojaei Baghini (2008). They were analyzed using variance of multivariate analysis test and T2 test, performed by version 24 of SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the sources using multivariate analysis of variance statistical technology show that 5 components of personality traits in normal and normal conduct teens are different from each other. At least in the component of insecure attachment there is a significant difference between the two groups. Also, the results of desired t-test analysis showed that under the assumption of equality of variance in the two groups, teens with normal and conduct disorder in highrisk behavioral variables, have significant difference with each other. Conclusion: The results of the present study can be used in people with conduct disorder problems and criminals in order to help them decrease their high-risk behaviors.
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of classical cognitive-behavioral therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy based on purposeful support on the sexual function and disturbance tolerance. Method: The research design... more
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of classical cognitive-behavioral therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy based on purposeful support on the sexual function and disturbance tolerance. Method: The research design was experimental with pre-test and post-test and control group. 48 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group among female patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who had referred to counseling centers and psychological and psychiatric services in Parsabad city of Ardabil province in the period from April to July 2021 for treatment. Data collection tools were: Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Scale, Sexual Function and Disorder Tolerance Scale. Interventional treatments were performed in 8 sessions each at different time intervals. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that classical cognitive-behavioral therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy based on purposeful support were effective on the sexual function and disturbance tolerance in people with washing obsession (P <0.05). Also, the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on purposeful support was significantly higher than classical cognitive-behavioral (P <0.05). Conclusion: It is suggested to pay attention to the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on purposeful support as a new treatment method.
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulnessbased cognitive therapy on happiness and ambiguity of mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder. Method: The research method was quasiexperimental with a... more
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulnessbased cognitive therapy on happiness and ambiguity of mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder. Method: The research method was quasiexperimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder in Kermanshah in 2021, from which 30 people were selected by random sampling method and by homogenizing age and level of education were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Participants responded to the Oxford Happiness Scale (Argyle and Lou, 1989) (OHQ) and the Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire (McLean, 2009) (ATQ) for pretest, posttest, and follow-up. After 8 sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training for the experimental group, the research data were analyzed using repeated measures covariance analysis. Results: The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective on happiness and ambiguity tolerance in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (P <0.05) and its effect lasted over time (P <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of applying mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in increasing happiness and the ability to tolerate ambiguity in counseling and psychotherapy centers can be useful and effective.
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Empathy Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents-Short Form (EmQue-CAR , Overgaauw & et al, 2017) among Iranian students. Methods: The present study... more
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Empathy Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents-Short Form (EmQue-CAR , Overgaauw & et al, 2017) among Iranian students. Methods: The present study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all students in Tehran in the age range of 11 to 17 years who were selected using available sampling method 280 students (145 boys and 135 girls). After translating and obtaining the opinions of experts and subjects, the face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed. SPSS and AMOS software were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis, based AMOS software, showed that three-factor structure of the affective empathy, cognitive empathy and intention to comfort in the Iranian sample had good fit with data. Correlational analyses between this Questionnaire with AMES provided initial evidence for the ACS convergent validity. Internal consistency coefficients for the affective empathy, cognitive empathy and intention to comfort subscales were .79, .76 and .82, respectively. Conclusion: In sum, these findings provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the EmQue-CAR as an instrument to measure empathy among Iranian students. This scale can be used to measure empathy in research and treatment departments.
Aim: Relationships between family members is one of the main and influential pillars on adolescents' perception of well-being. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of parental attachment in the relationship... more
Aim: Relationships between family members is one of the main and influential pillars on adolescents' perception of well-being. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of parental attachment in the relationship between perceived parental cooperation and perceived adolescent well-being. Method: The study population included all parents (parents) of adolescents aged 12-18 years with their adolescent children in Isfahan, from which 482 parents (241 father and 241 mother) and 241 children were selected using convenience sampling method. Participants answered the Parent-Peer Attachment Questionnaire (lPPA), and the KIDSCREEN-10 Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Parent-Collaborative Questionnaire (CRS-Brief). Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equations using spss-23and Amos-23 programs. Results: The results of fitness indices indicated the fit of the proposed model and Adolescent attachment to father (P<0.001) and mother(P<0.001) was able to play a mediating role in the relationship between perceived parental cooperation and adolescent perceived well-being. It should be noted that the direct paths of perceived parental cooperation to perceived well-being were not significant for father(P=0.16) and mother (P=0.22). Conclusion: Accordingly, by considering the role of variables such as perceived parental cooperation, adolescent attachment to parents and perceived well-being, the perceived cooperation of each parent and playing an effective role in child rearing can affect the psychological wellbeing of children by creating secure attachment.
The present study aimed to detect cognitive, affective, and behavioral items related to soccer players' technical and tactical performance. Method: The method of this study was Thematic Analysis (King, 2004). First, using exploratory... more
The present study aimed to detect cognitive, affective, and behavioral items related to soccer players' technical and tactical performance. Method: The method of this study was Thematic Analysis (King, 2004). First, using exploratory study of specialized texts, units were identified and encoded and also units of each category were determined. Then by nonprobability based qualitative-purposive sampling method and via exploratory interviews with soccer players(n=25), coaches(n=11) and football specialists(n=50), statements were identified, then a network of comprehensive themes was made and then main themes and categories were identified. Results: The themes and categories included cognitive items (20 items), affective items (13 items), behavioral items (16 items), cognitive-affective items (9 items), cognitive-behavioral items (6 items), affective-behavioral items (6 items), social items (6 items), basic items (3 items) and team items (11 items). Conclusion: Detection of cognitive, affective, and behavioral items related to soccer players' technical and tactical performance, is useful and effective to distinguish successful soccer players, performance technical and tactical improvement, maintenance successful soccer players, counseling, injury prevention, and rehabilitation.
One of the most important factors in adolescents' psychological and behavioral characteristics is how they perceive the relationship with parents. This qualitative study was conducted with the aim of phenomenological analysis of the lived... more
One of the most important factors in adolescents' psychological and behavioral characteristics is how they perceive the relationship with parents. This qualitative study was conducted with the aim of phenomenological analysis of the lived experiences of adaptive and maladapted adolescents from the perception of the parent-child relationship. Method: The participants of this study were among the adolescents in the age group of 13 to 19 who were selected based on purpose. The research method was qualitative interpretive phenomenology. Data collection was performed using a semi-structured interview, which after interviewing 20 people, the participants' responses were saturated. In this study, 115 codes related to research objectives were identified using open coding method. Results: The results showed that adaptive and maladaptive adolescents' perceptions of the parent-child relationship were identified in 6 main themes. Negative perceptions of self, negative perceptions of parents, and negative perceptions of the interactions of the three main themes of maladaptive adolescents and the other three main themes; Positive perceptions of self, positive perceptions of parents, and positive perceptions of interactions related to adaptive adolescents were extracted. Conclusion: The results showed that adaptive adolescents reported more positive perceptions of themselves in relation to parents and also had a more positive and fruitful view of parents and communicating with them, in contrast to maladapted adolescents in interaction with parents.
Individuals with MDD have deficits in "hot" cognition such as attentional bias to negative stimuli. They also experience low levels of positive and high levels of negative affect. This study aimed to investigate the effects of... more
Individuals with MDD have deficits in "hot" cognition such as attentional bias to negative stimuli. They also experience low levels of positive and high levels of negative affect. This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) on attentional bias and affective state in patients with major depressive disorder. Method: The present research had a single-blinded, crossover design. Twenty-three adults with MDD received tDCS in three separate sessions with different montages: anodal dlPFC (F3)/ cathodal vmPFC (Fp2), the reversed montage and sham. Their performance was evaluated by dot-probe test (online) and PANAS questionnaire (Pre-Post Stimulation). Result: There was no significant difference between different montages of tDCS on attentional bias in depressed patients. However, a significant difference was observed in the negative affect (p<0/05). Conclusion: Attentional bias is a form of hot cognition and affects MDD patients. The present study showed no significant difference in the attentional bias scores between the three tDCS montages. However, results showed that anodal stimulation of DLPFC and cathodal stimulation of VMPFC improved the affective state of patients with MDD by reducing the levels of the negative affect.
The aim of this study was to construct and validate the complex childhood trauma-related Personality Pathology Scale among married women with childhood complex trauma experience. Method: At first, by conducting 18 semi-structured... more
The aim of this study was to construct and validate the complex childhood trauma-related Personality Pathology Scale among married women with childhood complex trauma experience. Method: At first, by conducting 18 semi-structured interviews in the form of qualitative research, the items related to scale construction were identified and a scale was designed based on it. Then the scale was administered to 100 married women with purposive sampling. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of this scale. To determine the validity of the scale, the mental well-being questionnaire (Diener et al, 1985) and DASS-21 were used. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis with Smart-PLS software. Results: The results of reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient as well as combined reliability for all dimensions of the scale were >0.7, which indicates the optimal reliability of the scale. The results of the correlation coefficient between personality traits with the variables of depression, anxiety, stress, and negative emotion for the convergent validity showed a positive and significant relationship (P <0.01). Also, the results of the correlation coefficient between personality traits and life satisfaction and positive emotion for divergent validity showed a negative and significant relationship (P <0.01). Conclusion: The results showed that the researcher-made scale has good reliability and validity and researchers and therapists can use it for research and treatment purposes.
Aim: The present study purpose was to determine the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between personality features neuroticism, openness, extroversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness with marital adjustment... more
Aim: The present study purpose was to determine the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between personality features neuroticism, openness, extroversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness with marital adjustment in university students. Method: The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population included all married female students of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, in the first semester of 2017-2018 with the quantity of 33000 people, among them 300 subjects Based on Kline's (2011) proposal from faculty of psychology classes were selected through sampling. The study tools included Dyadic Adjustment Scale by Spanier (1976), NEO-Five Factor Inventory by McCrae & Costa 1985 and Psychological Capital Questionnaire by Luthans, Avolio, Avey & Norman (2007). After exclusion of 3 distortion questionnaires and removal of 1 outlier subject, the data of were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling Method. Results: The results of this study showed that the indirect path coefficient between openness and marital adjustment (β= 0.066, P= 0.016,), indirect path coefficient between extraversion and marital adjustment (β= 0.083, P= 0.012), and indirect path coefficient between neuroticism and marital adjustment (β=-0.117, P= 0.001) were significant. Conclusion: Personality traits, as the preconditions that individuals enter into marital relationships, are likely to affect individuals' equity including optimism, self-efficacy, hope, and resilience in dealing with marital problems, may be leading to reduce or increase marital adjustment. Therefore, it is suggested that workshops aimed at promoting the psychological capital for married female students in universities should be held.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of academic emotions in the relationship between metacognitive knowledge and school well-being in a causal model. Method: The method of the study was a... more
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of academic emotions in the relationship between metacognitive knowledge and school well-being in a causal model. Method: The method of the study was a descriptive-correlation and statistical population consisted of all girl and boy students from Second high school in the city of Lordegan in the 2016-17 academic year (3008 participants), from which 456 students were selected through multistage cluster sampling. which 42 questionnaires were removed from the analysis as being had outliers and missing data. Research hypothetical model was tested through path analysis and AMOS software. Results: Data analysis showed that metacognitive knowledge had direct effect on school well-being)β= 0.19, P= 0.001). It also showed that guilt emotion had direct and positive effect on school well-being)β= 0.21, P= 0.001). The Bootstrap results showed the mediating role of academic emotions in relationship between metacognitive knowledge and school well-being (β= 0.51, P= 0.001). In a way that metacognitive knowledge led to increasing school well-being through increasing hope and guilt emotions and reducing shame emotion. Conclusion It is suggested that metacognitive knowledge be taught to students to upgrade school well-being through increasing hope and guilt emotions and reducing shame emotion.
Aim: The aim of this study was to design a model to nurture enthusiastic employees in the Iranian public sector. Methods: The research method included meta-synthesis, survey and fuzzy expert system. Corpus of the study in meta-synthesis... more
Aim: The aim of this study was to design a model to nurture enthusiastic employees in the Iranian public sector. Methods: The research method included meta-synthesis, survey and fuzzy expert system. Corpus of the study in meta-synthesis was 158 academic papers. In the survey, the statistical population was 1039 employees from West Azerbaijan province's three general directorates and in mathematical modeling, the population included 20 employees. Sampling in meta-synthesis was conducted by selecting 65 articles from among 158 papers published in prestigious Iranian and foreign English journals between years 2010 and 2016; in survey method selecting 60 subjects from among all employees and in mathematical modeling selecting 20 employees to complement the research tool. To determine the scale validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted and the convergent validity was calculated via computing correlations through a 56-item questionnaire approved by experts in the spring of 2017. In order to determine internal reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and retest reliability coefficient were calculated and after eliminating six incomplete questionnaires and three missing data, 281 subjects were analyzed. Findings: Results revealed that total path coefficient between Iranian-Islamic culture and psychological moods (β=0.375, P=0.001), and the indirect path coefficient between components of job conditions (β=0.125, P=0.001), personal (β=0.134, P=0.01) and organizational conditions (β=0.231, P=0.002) were positive and significant with employees' enthusiasm variable. Conclusion: Since the target population, confirmed the dimensions, components and indices extracted from meta-synthesis, considering indices with higher factor weight in employees' enthusiasm, could expand their psychological capacities.
Aim: The present study's aim was to examine the effect of reversibility of choice on attitude change in "free choice paradigm" of cognitive dissonance theory (Festinger, 1957). Methods: Method was a quasi-experimental study conducted in a... more
Aim: The present study's aim was to examine the effect of reversibility of choice on attitude change in "free choice paradigm" of cognitive dissonance theory (Festinger, 1957). Methods: Method was a quasi-experimental study conducted in a between-subject pretest-posttest with control group design. In accordance with Delavar's (2016) suggestion, in order to place 15 participants in each group, sixty students (from among 650) at the Faculty of Psychology of Shahid Beheshti University in the academic year 2014-2015 were selected. These were then divided into groups of easy (N=30) and difficult (N=30) choice which were divided into groups of reversible (N=15) and irreversible (N=15) choice. Groups were matched on age and gender. They were given eight psychological tests that were selected based on the degree of complexity to evaluate them before and after choice. Reversible group could change their choice after they made it. Attitude change was assessed using a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used at pretest and posttest. After removing six subjects because of incomplete questionnaires, data for 54 subjects was analyzed using ANOVA. Results: Analysis showed that in difficult choices groups, the attitude of irreversible choice group was significantly more positive about the selected choice compared to the attitude reported by the reversible group. (F= 29.48, P= 0.001). Conclusion: These results support the idea that positive attitude change in free choice paradigm only occurs in irreversible situations. Therefore, it is better for sellers and service providers not to facilitate replacement very much. Citation: Mansuri Sepehr, R., Haydari, M., Bagheryan, F., & Shokri, O. (2018). The effect of reversibility of choice on attitude change in cognitive dissonance: Free choice paradigm. Quarterly of Applied Psychology, 12(3): 319-337.
Aim: The aim of this study was to predict unrelenting standards/hyper-criticalness schema based on irrational beliefs of parents and parent-child communication patterns in the female adolescent. Method: The research method was... more
Aim: The aim of this study was to predict unrelenting standards/hyper-criticalness schema based on irrational beliefs of parents and parent-child communication patterns in the female adolescent. Method: The research method was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population included 49421 secondary school female students and their parent in Tehran in the 2016 year, among whom 290 were selected based on suggested formula by VanVoorhis & Morgan (2007) and considering the probability of sample loss by the available sampling method from Shahid Dastgheyb Girls' High School from District 13, Aien Islam Girls' High School from District 15 and School girls Azadegan from District 1. The study tools were Bagheri Parent-Child Communication Pattern Questionnaire (2013) and Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 1988 which were completed by students and Jones Irrational Beliefs Test (1968) which were completed by both parents. After removing of 63 distortions and 8 outlier questionnaire, the collected data were analyzed using hierarchical multivariate regression method. Results: The results showed that among the components of the father-child communication pattern, variables of the formality (β= 0.171), conditional value (β= 0.151) and interconnectedness (β= 0.312), and among the components of mother-child communication pattern, variables of the inflexibility (β= 0.181) and limitations (β= 0.155) and irrational beliefs of the mother (β= 0.196) positively predict the unrelenting standards/ hyper-criticalness maladaptive schema in adolescent girls (P= 0.001). Conclusion: It is essential to educate parents and create awareness about the contributing factors of unrelenting standards/hyper-criticalness maladaptive schema in adolescent, preventing the harm caused by maladaptive communication patterns and irrational beliefs of parents in many areas of adolescent life.
Aim: Present study purpose was to study role of positive and negative affective experiences, neuroticism and motivational values characters in descrimination self-harming individuals from normal people. Methods: Research method was... more
Aim: Present study purpose was to study role of positive and negative affective experiences, neuroticism and motivational values characters in descrimination self-harming individuals from normal people. Methods: Research method was descriptive and, comparative causal type and the statistical population of this study was the students of dormitories at different universities of Tehran in 2016, where 218 of them (Between 30 to 50 participants from each of Tehran, Allame Tabatabai, Kharazmi, Shahed, Shahid Beheshti, and Tarbiat Modares universities) were selected by convenience sampling method. Finally, based on the Self-Harm Inventory of Sansone, Wiederman & Sansone (1998), 40 patients in the self-anxiety group and 40 patients in the normal group, they were screened and selected. The research tools consisted of the Positive and Negative Experiences Questionnaire, Diener, Writz, Tov, Kim-Prieto, Choi, Oishi & Biswas-Diener 2010, Schwartz Value Survey (1992), and NEO Personality Inventory 5 factors Costa & McCrae 1986 completed the test discriminant analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The findings showed that the mean neuroticism (F= 44.94, P= 0.001) and negative affect (F= 8.04, P= 0.006) of the self-harming group were significantly higher than the normal people, and the mean positive affect (F= 15.84, P= 0.001), universality (F= 8.96, P= 0.004), benevolence (F= 15.14, P= 0.001), tradition (F= 13.68, P= 0.001), conformity (F= 16.39, P= 0.001) and safety (F= 7.54, P= 7.54) were significantly lower than the normal group. The present discriminate function was able to explain 49.8% of the self-harming/ non-self-harming variance and coulde correctly grouped 91.3% of the participants. Conclusion: The neuroticism, conformity, positive affect, benevolence, tradition, universality and negative affect variables can be used as a criterion to predict group membership of individuals in the normal group and the self-harm group and as a discrimination criterion for these two groups. Therefore, providing training to improve these variables can help moderate self-harming behaviors. Citation: Hashemi Razini, H., Dehghan, M., & Rasooli, A. (2019). Discrimination self-harming individuals from normal people based on positive and negative experiences, neuroticism and motivational values characters. Quarterly of Applied Psychology, 12(4): 553-571. 555
Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of training the components of Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy on the parent-child conflicts and the marital conflicts. Method: The present research was a... more
Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of training the components of Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy on the parent-child conflicts and the marital conflicts. Method: The present research was a quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest plan and control group, and a three-month follow-up. The study population were 86 couples with marital conflicts and parent-child conflicts referring to the salaheddin Counseling Center of Sanandaj in 2017. Participants selected were all volunteers. 30 families were selected and were randomly classified into intervention and control groups. The intervention group went through 16 two-hour sessions of group Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy, twice a week at Salaheddin Counseling Center of Sanandaj using the method developed by Khodayari Fard, Sadeghi, Abedini (2005). The Parent-Child Relationship Scale (Fine, Moreland and Schwebel, 1983), and, the Marital Conflicts Questionnaire (Sanayi, 2000) were administered to both groups in three phases. Then, the data were analyzed by mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures. Findings: Results showed that training the components of Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy reduced parent-child conflicts (F= 69.658, P= 0.0001) and marital conflicts. The effect was sustained during the follow-up period (F= 35.898, P= 0.0001). Conclusion: Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy can create the intended changes in the family by challenging and correcting thoughts, mental rules, perceptions, and self-talks that create conflicts and dysfunctional relationship patterns among family members. Therefore, it could be employed as an effective intervention to reduce marital as well as parent-child conflicts.
Aim: This study was conducted with the aim of comparing perfectionism and the source of health control in in patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and depressed patients. Methods: Method was casual-comparative and statistical... more
Aim: This study was conducted with the aim of comparing perfectionism and the source of health control in in patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and depressed patients. Methods: Method was casual-comparative and statistical population included all outpatients referred to Hamrah psychiatric center under supervision of welfare organization of Karaj city in the year 2015 who totally were 487 people. Among them 60 patients with OCD and 60 depressed patients who met the criteria of the study were selected using convenience sampling and the subjects completed the Frast Marten, Lhart and Rosenblate (1990) multidimensional perfetctionism scale (FMPS) and Wollaston, Wollaston and Dolis (1978) multidimensional health locus of control scale (MHLC). Data was analyzed using MANOVA & ANOVA. Results: Results showed that the obsessive patients had more levels of perfectionism (F= 18.12, P= 0.001) and its dimensions namely worry over mistakes (F= 17.45, P= 0.003), parental expectations (F= 11.34, P= 0.01), uncertainty in the works (F= 28.25, P= 0.0001), individual criteria (F= 10.67, P= 0.01), parental criticism (F= 16.32, P= 0.004), desire to be disciplined and organized (F= 18.58, P= 0.002), internal health locus of control (IHLC) (F= 61.28, P= 0.001), powerful others health locus of control (PHLC) (F= 79.54, P= 0.0001), chance health locus of control (CHLC) (F= 63.23, P= 0.00) compared to depressed patients. Conclusion: It seems that higher levels of perfectionism and its components in obsessive patients lead to mental and behavioral activation; that's why they have better health locus of control than depressed people. Thus, it is recommended for the prevention of depression and its treatment some behavioral activation plans to be developed.
Aim: The present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in Improving cognitive control and flexibility in anxious students. Methods: The design of was quasi-experimental with control group... more
Aim: The present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in Improving cognitive control and flexibility in anxious students. Methods: The design of was quasi-experimental with control group and pretest, posttest and a two month follow-up. The statistical population of this study included all female students of Payame Noor University of Guilan (N= 8000). After screening 200 students for test anxiety, thirty anxious students were randomly selected and assigned to an experimental and a control group (15 persons in each group). The instruments used were the Stroop test, (Stroop, 1935), the Flexibility Scale (Dennis and Vander Wal, 2009). In addition, participants took part in eight 90 minute sessions of Acceptance and Commitment therapy in accordance with Hayes and Rose's (2008) ACT protocol. Data was analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measures. Results: Findings indicated a significant difference between the scores of the two groups in the correct response congruence (F= 5.05, P= 0.03), reaction times to congruent stimuli (F= 4.56, P= 0.04), correct response incongruence (F= 4.32, P= 0.05), reaction times to incongruent stimuli (F= 4.30, P= 0.05) and cognitive flexibility (F= 17, P= 0.03) in post-test and after two months follow up. Conclusions: According to the results of the present research, it can be concluded that ACT can reduce the anxiety of anxious students by improving cognitive control and enhancing cognitive flexibility.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on anxiety sensitivity, self-concept and academic self-efficacy in students with dysgraphia.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy (ERP), Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Third-Wave Behavior Therapies on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in Iranian population.... more
Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy (ERP), Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Third-Wave Behavior Therapies on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in Iranian population. Method: The research method was a meta-analysis and the statistical population of all researches conducted in Iran between 2005 and 2017 was 58 studies that among them, 34 studies were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria as the research sample and finally reported 13 effect sizes for ERP, 19 effect sizes for CBT and 12 effect sizes for Third-Wave Behavior Therapies. The effect size index was the standardized mean difference also statistical analysis was done by comprehensive meta-analysis software. Results: The results showed that ERP (d= 1.815, P= 0.05), CBT (d= 1.542, P= 0.05) and Third-Wave Behavior Therapies (d= 1.688, P= 0.05) had been effective for OCD. In addition, study of type of treatment as a moderating variable didn't show significant difference. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this meta-analysis, it can be concluded that exposure is the most important therapeutic process in the treatment of OCD which it is an essential component in all three therapeutic approaches, and probably adding cognitive, mindfulness and acceptance components will not significantly contribute to the efficacy of behavioral therapy based on ERP in Iranian patients with OCD.
Aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine factors affecting the quality of dormitory physical environment. Methods: The research method was correlational and the statistical population consisted of all female students living... more
Aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine factors affecting the quality of dormitory physical environment. Methods: The research method was correlational and the statistical population consisted of all female students living in dormitories (N=1648). The sample size was based on Kline's (2015) recommendation of 2.5-5 cases per parameter. Since there were 29 parameters in the present study, a sample size of 150 was deemed suitable. This cross-sectional study was conducted using 172 female students residing in the women's dormitory of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran from October to December 2018. Bachelor, Master and PhD students were selected using cluster sampling. Respondents were selected from 24 different disciplines and from faculties of Humanities, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences and Engineering. Students' residential satisfaction questionnaire was completed by all participants. Students responded to each item of the questionnaire by using a Likert scale. 150 questionnaires were included in the final analysis after excluding 22 questionnaires with missing data. In order to process information and put items of the questionnaire into categories, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used and five major factors for residential satisfaction in dormitories were extracted according to students' opinions. Results: Results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between residential satisfaction and physical criteria of interior space and function (r=0.361, P=0.01), management and health services (r=0.475, P=0.01), aesthetics and natural lighting (r=0.498, P=0.01), security and social relationships (r=0.141, P=0.05) and relationship with nature (r=0.225, P=0.01). Conclusion: Based on the findings, we conclude that the evaluation of effective factors on satisfaction in dormitory space may be useful in the designers' decision to improve the quality of student housing. As a consequence, the conversion of these qualitative criteria into architectural design suggestions is needed to reduce the present problems of students' dormitories.
Aim: The present research aimed to compare the effectiveness of therapy based on improving quality of life (QoL) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on increasing the happiness of female teachers. Method: Research method was... more
Aim: The present research aimed to compare the effectiveness of therapy based on improving quality of life (QoL) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on increasing the happiness of female teachers. Method: Research method was quasi-experimental using pretest, post-test and a three month follow up with control group. The statistical population included all 800 married female teachers who were working in the City of Abhar Education Authority in the academic year 2017-18. 260 participants were selected by systematic random sampling and responded to the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire)Argyle, Martin, and Krassland, 1989(and then from the 124 who scored below 43, 45 subjects were selected randomly and divided into three groups, consisting of 15 participants each. One group received ACT Hayes & Strosahl (2010(; another group received QoL based therapy Frish (2016) and a third received no therapy at all (the control group). Participants took part in eight sessions of 90 minutes duration each held once a week. Data was analyzed using mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: Results showed that both therapy programs significantly increased teachers' total scores of happiness as well as life satisfaction (F= 94.08), positive mood (F= 19.19), health efficacy (F= 56.68) and self-esteem (F= 48.55) at the 0.01 level. Follow-up analyses showed that these results remained stable after three months. No significant difference was found between the two experimental groups. Conclusion: Since quality of life therapy emphasizes the promotion of happiness and life satisfaction, and ACT leads to psychological flexibility and commitment, these two methods can be applied as effective intervention methods to increase happiness of teachers.
Aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of Mindedness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on reducing the symptoms of depression, rumination, and emotion regulation in pregnant women. Method: A... more
Aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of Mindedness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on reducing the symptoms of depression, rumination, and emotion regulation in pregnant women. Method: A quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and a one month follow-up with control group was used. The statistical population included 500 pregnant women referred to health centers in the town of Ghorveh in Sanandaj province in Iran who were one to six months pregnant. Through available sampling method, 263 women who met the inclusion criteria were selected and out if these, 30 participants were randomly assigned to two groups of MBCT or control.. This was administered to the experimental group during eight weekly, 90-minute sessions and collected data was analyzed using mixed model repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Findings showed that MBCT had a significant effect on improving depression symptoms (F= 55.06, P= 0.001), rumination (F= 25.88, P= 0.001), and emotion regulation subscales including cognitive reappraisal (F= 9.27, P= 0.02), and suppression (F= 4.69, P= 0.036), and treatment gains were maintained at follow-up. Conclusion: This method can be used as a low-cost and effective treatment for the treatment of emotional disorders and improving the psychological status of pregnant women.
Aim: Purpose of this study was to determine the structural model of the effect of customer's psychological investment on the changes in rubbed satisfaction with the mediating role of the customer's perceived risk. Methods: The research... more
Aim: Purpose of this study was to determine the structural model of the effect of customer's psychological investment on the changes in rubbed satisfaction with the mediating role of the customer's perceived risk. Methods: The research method was correlational and the statistical population consisted of all buyers and visitors of appliance stores in the City of Mashhad in North Eastern Iran (N= five million according to 2017 census). To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used and Customers' Psychological Investment Questionnaire (Bügel, Buunk, and Verhoef, 2010), Customer's Rubbed Satisfaction Questionnaire (Sunderland, Berg, and Ringbo, 2014) and Customer's Perceived Risk Questionnaire (Sun, 2014) were distributed among 360 participants in different areas of the 17 municipality districts of Mashhad and after deletion of outlier data, 354 questionnaires with correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) were analyzed. Results: Results indicated that customer's psychological investment had a positive and significant effect on satisfaction (β=0.59) and perceived risk (β=0.58). In addition, perceived risk (β=0.53) had a direct and positive effect on customer's rubbed satisfaction. Furthermore, customer's perceived risk (β=0.30) had a mediating role in the relationship between customer psychological investments and customer's rubbed satisfaction satisfaction. Conclusion: Since rubbed satisfaction is affects both customers' psychological investment and perceived risk, in order to prevent losing satisfied customers, appliance stores, should decrease their perceived risk and not increase their psychological investment. Citation: Akbari, M., Gholizadeh, M. H., Masoudifar, M. & Ghaemi, J. (2019). The structural model of customer's psychological investment and rubbed satisfaction: mediating role of perceived risk. Quarterly of Applied Psychology, 13(1): 99-117.
Aim: The purpose of study was to determine the mediator role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being in women with breast cancer. Method: The research method was correlational... more
Aim: The purpose of study was to determine the mediator role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being in women with breast cancer. Method: The research method was correlational and the statistic population were all women with breast cancer or under the auspices of the Yas Charity Foundation and Jawad Alamea Specialty Clinic in Kerman city with at least once undergone surgery in 2017, with the quantity of 413. Among which 215 people were selected through targeted sampling and individually answered to Mindful Results: The results showed that in the P=0.001 level the total and direct path coefficient between mindfulness and psychological well-being (β=0.384) and positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and psychological well-being (β=0.582) is significant and positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies mediates the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being variables (β=-0.259). Conclusion: These results suggest that mindfulness can affect the mental well-being of women with breast cancer by the use of positive strategies cognitive emotion regulation; therefore it is recommended that women with breast cancer be treated in environments full of calmness and adequate support and by providing services such as mindfulness so that they can promote their psychological well-being using positive cognitive regulation strategies.. Structural modeling of relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being based on mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in women with breast cancer. Quarterly of Applied Psychology, 13(1): 77-98.
Aim: The aim of this research was to predict life quality based on behavioral activator and inhibitor systems and adulthood hyperactivity in male drug abusers. Method: A correlational method was employed. The statistical population... more
Aim: The aim of this research was to predict life quality based on behavioral activator and inhibitor systems and adulthood hyperactivity in male drug abusers. Method: A correlational method was employed. The statistical population consisted of 1637 drug abusers residing in the Alborz province, Iran. 232 drug abusers were selected based on Krejces & Morgan's table (1970). Participants completed the following questionnaires: The World Health Organization's Quality of Life (WHOQOL) Questionnaire (Varsharbun, 1998); Conner's (1999) List of the Symptoms of Adulthood ADHD Indicator and the Behavioral Activator and Brain inhibitor System Questionnaire (Carver and White, 1994). Data was analyzed using the structural equation-modeling test. Findings: Findings showed that the indirect path coefficients between life quality and components of behavioral activator system (β=-0.292, P=0.01) and adulthood (β=-0.584, P=0.001) were negative. Changes of scores of behavioral-brain system explained 22% of adulthood hyperactivity variance and explained 47% of life quality variance along with changes of ADHD in adulthood. Conclusion: This research shows that adulthood hyperactivity has negative effects on the relationship between behavioral activator system and life quality. Therefore, it can be argued that hyperactivity has negative and destructive effects on personal and social affairs of male drug abuse. We suggest that some workshops should be held to improve the quality of life and decrease the dangerous behaviors in individuals with hyperactivity disorder in order to solve conflicts and improve interpersonal relationships.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between parenting styles, emotional expressiveness, emotional control and ambivalence towards emotional expressiveness of mothers who have children with behavioral problems.... more
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between parenting styles, emotional expressiveness, emotional control and ambivalence towards emotional expressiveness of mothers who have children with behavioral problems. Methods: Research method was descriptive-correlational and statistical population included all third to sixth grade students (nine to 12 years of age) in districts one, five and seven of the City of Tehran municipality. Five schools were chosen, namely, Aftab Azarin, Imam Musa Kazem, 13th Aban, Shahid Cheraghi and Kalam Mehr in the academic year of 2016-2017 (N=1743). Of these, 200 students (102 boys and 98 girls) who met entrance criteria were selected based on availability. Sample size was determined using Rhine's (1991) formula for sample size, .Each child had earned a T score more that 63 on the Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List. The Alabama Parenting Questionnaire-Child Form (1991) was filled out by children, The King and Emmons's Emotional Expressive Questionnaire (1990), Roger and Nesshoever's Emotional Control Questionnaire (1987), and King and Emmons's Ambivalence Over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire (1990) were filled out by mothers .Correlations and regression analyses were used for data analysis. Results: The results indicated that the study variables were able to predict 20.8 % of the variance of children's behavioral problems (F= 4.494, P= 0.0001). In dimensions of parenting, father participation had the highest predictive power (β=-0.194, P= 0.009). In emotional expressiveness, negative emotional expressiveness component (β= 0.162, P= 0.026), in emotional control, the benign control component (β= 0.200, P= 0.009) and the ambivalence over positive emotional expressiveness were able to predict behavioral problems (β=0.275, P= 0.003). Conclusions: Since parenting styles, emotional expressiveness, emotional control and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness in mothers can be effective in predicting children's behavioral problems, these variables can be used in interventions to prevent and treat behavioral problems of these children and to teach mothers correct ways of expressing emotions.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in the relationship between personality features with somatization symptoms. Method: The research method was... more
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in the relationship between personality features with somatization symptoms. Method: The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of the study consisted of all female students of Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Science and Research Branch in 2016-2017 in 1150 individuals in Amol city among which 285 students were selected by multi-stage sampling. In this way, two faculties of humanities and basic sciences were chosen (from the former, faculties of Law and Accounting and from the latter, Pure and Applied Chemistry were selected. Four classes from each faculty were selected amounting to 250 students (15 students for each of the variables in the study). The study tools included NEO-Five Factor Inventory by Costa & McCrae 1985; Cognitive Emotion Regulation by Garnefski, Kraaij & Spinhoven (2001) and symptom checklist 90 revised by Derogatis, Rickels & Rock (1976). After removal of three distortion questionnaires and one outlier, data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling method. Results: The results of this study showed that among the personality traits, only the indirect path coefficients between extraversion (β=-0.106, P= 0.02) and conscientiousness (β=-0.132, P= 0.02) with somatization symptoms were negative and significant. Among the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies, only path coefficient of negative strategies with somatization symptoms (β= 0.470, P= 0.001) was positive and significant. Conclusion: Positive Cognitive Emotion Regulation training is recommended for coping with environmental events and modifying personality manifestations in people with somatization symptoms.
Aim: The study purpose was to determine the psychometric properties of the motivational structure questionnaire in adolescents. Method: Research method was correlational and the statistical population included all female and male... more
Aim: The study purpose was to determine the psychometric properties of the motivational structure questionnaire in adolescents. Method: Research method was correlational and the statistical population included all female and male adolescents from second secondary education in Tehran's 22nd district to 177000 people in the 2016-2017 academic year among whom based on Comrey & Lee (2016) suggestion 426 were selected using multi-stage sampling method. In the first stage, three direction, the north, center and south of Tehran map, in the second stage, three regions, 1, 5 and 18 of each direction and in the last stage of each region randomly Shahid Motahari and Somayeh High Schools from District 1, Shahid Amoyan and Ayin Tarbiat from District 5 and Shahid Mofeghian and Farzanegan from 18 District were selected. The research tool was the Personal Concerns Inventory by Cox & Klinger (2004). After removal of 6 distortion questionnaires and 2 outliers, 418 student data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The results showed that fitness indices of confirmatory factor analysis, confirmatory factor fitness indicators with the exception of the Chi-squared which was equal to 357.58 in 0.001 significant level, support the pattern of two components of adaptive and non-adaptive motivational structures and Cronbach's alpha coefficients for adaptive and non-adaptive motivational structures is respectively 0.73 and 0.77. Conclusion: According to the results, the motivational structure scale has appropriate validity and reliability, and it can be used to measure the motivational structure of students, as well as to prevent and detect cognitive, emotional and behavioral damages in schools.
Aim: Research aim was to determine the effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training on improving social, emotional and educational adjustment and social quality of students with learning disabilities. Methods: Research method was... more
Aim: Research aim was to determine the effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training on improving social, emotional and educational adjustment and social quality of students with learning disabilities. Methods: Research method was quasi-experimental with control, experimental group and pretest, posttest, and a 2 months follow up. The statistical population consisted of 497 third to sixth grade female and male primary school students with a variety of learning disabilities who were referred to the Center for Learning Disabilities of Bushehr province's Department of Education during the 2017-2018 school year. Of these, using convenience sampling and considering the requirements of the research project, 148 students were short-listed in the first stage, and of these, 40 students were selected and assigned to an experimental group and a control group. The measurement tools were Singha and Sing Compatibility Questionnaire 1993 and Fellner, Lease & Philips Social Competence Scale 1990. Questionnaires were administered to both groups in three phases. The experimental group went through eight ninety-minute sessions of Emotion Regulation Training, once a week using the method developed by Allen, McHugh and Barlow 2009. Data was analyzed using mixed variance analysis with repeated measures design. Results: Findings showed that Emotion Regulation Training has a significant effect on improving social adjustment (F= 4.218, P= 0.025), educational adjustment (F= 5.802, P= 0.002), emotional adjustment (F= 5.472, P= 0.036), and social adequacy (F= 5.463, P= 0.015) of students with learning disabilities, and this effect remains unchanged in the two-month follow-up phase. Conclusion: Since Emotion Regulation Training helps improve the individuals' interactions with peers and increases their awareness, acceptance and emotional expression, such training can be used as an effective intervention method to improve social, emotional and educational adjustment and social adequacy of students with various learning disabilities and also students with similar disabilities.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Positive Psychology Intervention training on enhancement of wellbeing, academic buoyancy and academic achievement in students. Method: A quasi-experimental method was... more
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Positive Psychology Intervention training on enhancement of wellbeing, academic buoyancy and academic achievement in students. Method: A quasi-experimental method was used with control group and pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up. The population consisted of 360 female secondary third grade school students in the academic year 2015-16 in the Charosa district of the City of Kohgiluyeh western Iran. Using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, 12 girls' high schools were selected. Of these, two high schools namely, Umm-e-Kulthum and Khadijeh-e-Kobra and from each high school one class was selected and 48 students who fulfilled the necessary research entrance criteria were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. Data collection tools were as follows: Hoseinchari and DehghaniZadeh's (2012) Academic Buoyancy Scale, Ryff's (1989) Psychological well-being inventory, the grade point average (GPA) and Savajs' Positive Psychology Intervention Program (2011) which included 11 weekly sessions of 60-minutes duration. The intervention program was carried out with the experimental group only. Data was analyzed using mixed variance analysis with repeated measures design Results: Results showed that Positive Psychology Intervention training had a significant effect on well-being (F= 16.71, P= 0.001), and academic buoyancy (F= 16.21, P= 0.001), and that this effect remained stable after the follow-up phase. However, the intervention did not have any effect on the improvement of students' academic achievement. Conclusion: Positive Psychology Intervention has the necessary efficacy to enhance wellbeing and academic buoyancy. Hence, it can be used as an effective intervention by therapists to develop psychological positive characteristics in adolescents as well as college students.